Appendix A · 64 events

Timeline

c. 5000 BCNeolithic occupation at the Agio Gala caves

c. 3000–2000 BCBronze Age settlement at Emporio

c. 1000 BCIonian settlement; Chios joins the Ionian League

8th–7th c. BCArchaic town at Emporio; the Homeridae; Chios claims Homer

c. 600 BCGlaucus of Chios and the iron stand at Delphi

c. 575–550 BCThe Chian constitutional inscription and the demosie boule

c. 550 BCArchermus, Bupalus and Athenis; the feud with Hipponax

499–494 BCIonian Revolt; Lade — 100 Chian ships, 4,000 marines

493 BCThe Persians "dragnet" the island

478/7 BCChios joins the Delian League as a ship-contributing ally

412 BCRevolt from Athens; Athenian base at Delphinion; the slaves desert

378/7 BCFounding member of the Second Athenian League

357 BCSocial War; Chabrias killed in the harbour mouth

332 BCAlexander's edict restoring the exiles

190 BCRoman naval base in the war against Antiochus III

c. 188 BCChios a free and allied city of Rome

86 BCZenobius deports the entire population to Colchis

c. AD 251Martyrdom of St Isidore

7th–9th c.Arab naval raids across the Aegean

1042–55Nea Moni founded by Constantine IX Monomachos

c. 1090–93Tzachas of Smyrna takes Chios; Byzantine recovery

1261Treaty of Nymphaeum: Genoese privileges in the empire

1275The Zaccaria obtain the alum of Phocaea

1304Benedetto Zaccaria obtains Chios

1329Andronikos III recovers Chios from Martino Zaccaria

1346Simone Vignoso takes Chios; the Maona is formed

1362Maona reorganised; the shareholders adopt the name Giustiniani

1453Giovanni Giustiniani Longo dies of his wound on Chios

1461Alum found at Tolfa; the Phocaean monopoly broken

1522Fall of Rhodes; Chios wholly exposed

1566Piali Pasha annexes Chios; end of Genoese rule

1566+Mastic villages granted to the Valide Sultan; charter of privileges

1694–95Venetian occupation under Antonio Zeno; Ottoman reprisals

18th c.The Great School of Chios; the Greek Enlightenment

1794Odessa founded; the Chian houses move into Russian grain

1818Ralli Brothers established in London

March 1822Logothetis lands; Kara Ali's fleet arrives; the massacres

June 1822Kanaris burns the Ottoman flagship at anchor

1824Delacroix exhibits Scènes des massacres de Scio

1829Hugo publishes Les Orientales

1851Ralli Brothers opens in Calcutta

1881Earthquake destroys Chios town; the dome of Nea Moni falls

1912Greek landing in November; Ottoman garrison surrenders in December

1922Asia Minor Catastrophe; the refugees; the Revolution of 1922 begins on Chios

1923Treaty of Lausanne; the population exchange

1935Greek Shipping Cooperation Committee founded in London

1938Chios Mastiha Growers Association founded

1941–44German occupation; famine; the escape route to Çeşme

1946+Liberty ship purchases; the postwar fleet is built

1956, 1967–75Suez closures; the great freight windfalls

1960sMerchant Marine Academy of Oinousses established

1970Tsakos Shipping & Trading founded

1973–87The long tanker depression — the great filter

1976Lomar Shipping founded by Michael Logothetis

1988Celebrity Cruises launched by Chandris

1990Nea Moni inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

1997Chandris sells Celebrity Cruises

2003Libra Group founded

2003–08The China boom

2008The Baltic Dry Index falls c. 95% in months

2012Wildfires devastate the mastic groves

2014Mastic cultivation inscribed on UNESCO's Intangible Heritage list

2015–16The refugee crisis; the Vial and Souda camps

2021Death of Yiannis Angelicoussis; Maria Angelicoussis succeeds